Ever since Amazon introduced their series The Ring of Powers, there have been people whining about them having female Orcs. My guess is, based on what I have seen, and the ridiculous idea Peter Jackson has about Orcs coming out of the ground, in his ridiculous films, and the many people who cite this as 'canon', that it's because of the films by Peter Jackson that people think this is how they were formed.

They're wrong. They were bred. There were female Orcs but they were not really seen because we see the battles that they are in, not them breeding. It would not be The Lord of the Rings; it would be something asinine like The Birthing of Monsters Orcs, and the Critics (yes, this is a ridiculous play on of the book by Tolkien called The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays) or something equally stupid.

Here is an example where a person claims that they were made in the ground. A tweet that looks like:

Besides the abuse of the word literally, of which I will not get into, especially as it depends in this case how you parse it [the tweet], this person is dead wrong. Neither Saruman nor Sauron had the ability to create life like that. If you read The Silmarillion, you would know this.

If this person has a reading comprehension 'beyond 2nd grade' (an American, obviously, but never mind that), they must not have read any of Tolkien's Legendarium because the word bred is even used (with respect to Saruman's Orcs!) in The Lord of the Rings! Here's an example:

'But these creatures of Isengard, these half-orcs and goblin-men that the foul craft of Saruman has bred, they will not quail at the sun,' said Gamling.

Here's another, this one said by Treebeard

It is a mark of evil things that came in the Great Darkness that they cannot abide the Sun [...] I wonder what he has done? Are they Men he has ruined, or has he blended the races of Orcs and Men?

Yes. Yes that is what he did! They were first seen in Bree, the Southerner! At the Hornburg they were many of them.

Gandalf talked about Orcs multiplying. Do you think that Sauron and Saruman were everywhere on Middle-earth to do this? They were not.

The bottom line is that the Orcs bred; they were not created like films and others suggest!

As for whether Orcs were Elves or not. Actually Tolkien never fully decided on this. It was only one theory that they were made in mockery of Elves (this is what Treebeard says). This is discussed in other books more thoroughly and I will not get into that. The Letters also discus the Orcs and how they were 'formed'.

Finally, going back to Peter Jackson and ridiculousness. Besides his idea of Orcs coming from the ground, he was also very wrong indeed about Sauron being a physical Eye. Gollum saw him and told Sam and Frodo how he has four fingers on the Black Hand but they are enough. Tolkien wrote in a Letter what he looks like and it's not an Eye.

Consider this too: what use is the Ring if he had no body? None whatever. If he had no body the Ring would be useless to him!

Whatever anyone SAW in the films by Peter Jackson, with respect to Orcs and many other things, is not canon. Anyone who thinks otherwise either never read the book or did not read it carefully.

Or perhaps ... perhaps it's that they can't see these things as having any normal human function? Sexual intercourse is, after all, often considered something only humans would do, despite the fact that countless other animals do it too. Sorry but Orcs did breed. That's how they did it.